The Sungai Batu Archaeological Site is located in the Bujang Valley, Kedah and was first reported in 1988 by Jane S. Allen. Systematic research and excavation began in 2009 after the site was rediscovered by a team from the Global Archaeological Research Centre, University Sains Malaysia (USM) in 2007. Covering over 3 square kilometres, the site contains evidence of brick structures, ancient jetties, administrative buildings, and iron-smelting workshops, indicating that Sungai Batu was once a major centre for iron production and trade from the 2nd to the 14th century CE.
Archaeological studies show that the site was not only industrial but also a complex early civilisation, with various structures and artifacts reflecting high social, economic, and commercial activity. Evidence from brick structures, riverside jetties, and strategic riverbank remains indicates that Sungai Batu functioned as a maritime trade and industrial hub connected to international trade routes in ancient times.
